After successful completion of the course, students are expected:

On the level of knowledge:

• To deepen their knowledge of phonetics and phonology compared to their brief presentation in Introduction to Linguistics, with a focus on the Greek language
• To tell the difference between phonetics and phonology
• To describe the mechanism of speech
• To describe language sounds from the point of view of articulatory phonetics
• To be familiar with elements of acoustic and auditory phonetics
• To describe language sounds in terms of phonology
• To be familiar with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
• To get a preliminary glimpse on the development of phonetics and phonology in children

On the level of skills:

• To differentiate the level of phonetics from the level of phonology
• To use the IPA 

On the level of abilities:

• To transcribe speech via the IPA
• To understand the development of phonetics and phonology in the second semester course Phonological Development and Disorders
• To exploit the theoretical knowledge about phonetics and phonology in the future in the description, assessment and remediation of problems related to speech sounds
  

• Ability to apply knowledge to practice
• Adapting to new situations
• Criticism and self-criticism
• Decision-making
• Production of free, creative and inductive thinking
• Respect for difference and multiculturalism
• Search for, analysis and synthesis of data and information, with the use of the necessary technology
• Showing social, professional and ethical responsibility and sensitivity to gender issues
• Working independently 

Short Course Description:

This course examines language sounds, including their physiological production and acoustic qualities, i.e. phonetics, and their patterns in a language, i.e. phonology. The first part is concerned mainly with articulatory phonetics, looking at how the sounds of speech are made with the organs of the vocal tract. The emphasis is put on the description of Modern Greek, including the place and manner of articulation of itsconsonants. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), based on the principle of strict one-to-one correspondence between sounds and symbols, is presented to students, who are systematically taught how to use it to transcribe speech. The first part of the course also includes elements of acoustic phonetics, which addresses the acoustic results of different articulations, and auditory phonetics, which addresses the way listeners perceive and understand linguistic signals. The second part of the course examines concepts of phonology such as the following: phoneme, allophones, distinctive features, phonological phenomena such as assimilation and dissimilation, syllable and prosodic/suprasegmental elements of speech. The course concludes with a brief reference to the child’s phonological development (extensively discussed in Phonological Development and Disorders, a second semester course). Overall, this course aims at familiarizing students with the basic principles of phonetics and phonology, on which the diagnosis of difficultieswith language sounds and their remediation in children and adults is based.

The course is organized as follows:

1. Presentation of the course content. Phonetics and phonology as branches of linguistics. Phonetics and phonology bibliography.
2. The subject of phonetics: language sounds,their physiological production and acoustic qualities. Oral and written language. Applications of phonetics.
3. Nervous system. Phonatory system. Types of airstream mechanism.
4. Description of language sounds, with an emphasis on Modern Greek: consonants, vowels, diphthongs.
5. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a set of symbols that linguists use to accurately represent the pronunciation of languages.
6. Elements of acoustic phonetics, which deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds such as pitch and intensity. Technology of sound analysis (e.g. spectrograms).
7. Elements of auditory phonetics, i.e. the study of perceptual response to speech sounds as mediated by the ear, auditory nerve and brain.
8. The subject of phonology and how it differs from phonetics: the patterns of speech sounds in a language and across languages. Phonemes and allophones. The phonological system of Modern Greek.
9. Distinctive features of phonemes.
10. Phonological processes: assimilation, dissimilation, insertion, deletion, etc.
11. Syllable and syllabic structure. Prosodic or suprasegmental elements (stress, intonation, length of sounds, etc.).
12. Phonological development in children: a broad overview.
13. Recapitulation.

The course includes educational exercises/activities.

Midterm exam: 20% 

Final written exam based on open-ended questions, short-answer questions and/or multiple choice questionnaires (including true/false questions): 80%. 

Language of evaluation: Greek and, for Erasmus students, English

Specifically-defined evaluation criteria become available via e-Class.

- Readings:

Botinis, A. (2011). Greek phonetics. ISEL. [in Greek]

Ladefoged, P. (2007). An introduction to phonetics (Trans. M. Baltatzani). Patakis. [in Greek]

Lekakou, M., & Topintzi, N. (Eds.). (2022). An introduction to linguistics: Foundational concepts and basic branches with an emphasis on the Greek language. Gutenberg. [in Greek]

Revythiadou, A. (2021). An introduction to phonetics. Institute of Modern Greek Studies (M. Triandafyllidis Foundation). [in Greek]

- Suggested bibliography:

Arvaniti, A. (2007). Greek phonetics: The state of the art. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8, 97-208.

Botinis, A. (2009). Greek phonetics, vol. 1: Basic phonetic concepts and phonetic systems. Leader Books. [in Greek]

Chatzissavidis, S. (2012). Modern Greek grammar: Theoretical foundations and description. Vanias. [in Greek]

Clark, J., &Yallop, C. (1995). An introduction to phonetics and phonology. Blackwell.

Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2008). An introduction to the study of language (Trans. E. Vazou et al.., Ed. G. I. Xydopoulos). Patakis. [in Greek]

Lengeris, A. (2013). Phonetics. In A. Revythiadou & V. Spyropoulos (Eds.), A contrastive study of grammatical structures in Russian and Greek (pp. 1-61). “Education of immigrant and repatriate students”, Lifelong Learning Programme 2007-13. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Special Account for Research Funds (e-book, collective vol., URL: http://diapolis.auth.gr/index.php/2013-10-17-09-02-51/-52) [in Greek]

Magoula, E. G. (2010). Coarticulation in Greek: Typology and applications. Grigoris. [in Greek]

Magoulas, G., & Magoula, E. (2017). Topics in synchronic and diachronic linguistics [Undergraduate textbook] Kallipos, Open Academic Editions. http://hdl.handle.net/11419/6509 [in Greek]

Nespor, M. (1999). Phonology (Trans. A. Ralli, A. Papastavrou & A. Natsis. Ed. A. Ralli). Patakis. [in Greek]

Petrounias, E. (2007). Modern Greek grammar and comparative analysis, vol. 1: Phonetics and introductory phonology, Part 1: Theory. Ziti. [in Greek]

Petrounias, E. (2007). Modern Greek grammar and comparative analysis, vol. 1: Phonetics and introductory phonology, Part 2: Exercises – Thematic list. Ziti. [in Greek]

- Related academic journals:

Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics

Journal of Phonetics

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

Laboratory Phonology

Phonetica

Phonology

- Useful links:

Interactive International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Chart: http://www.ipachart.com/

Free online Smart IPA Keyboard: http://www.i2speak.com/

https://eclass.uop.gr/courses/SLT102/